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House of Commons of Canada
The House of Commons of Canada ((フランス語:Chambre des communes du Canada)) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. The House of Commons chamber is located in the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings on Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, Ontario.
The House of Commons is a democratically elected body whose members are known as Members of Parliament (MPs). There were 308 members in the last Parliament (most members elected in 2011), but that number has risen to 338 following the election on Monday October 19, 2015.〔 Members are elected by simple plurality ('first-past-the-post' system) in each of the country's electoral districts, which are colloquially known as ''ridings''. MPs may hold office until Parliament is dissolved and serve for constitutionally limited terms of up to five years after an election. Historically however, terms have ended before their expiry and the sitting government has typically dissolved parliament within four years of an election according to a long-standing convention. In any case, an Act of Parliament now limits each term to four years. Seats in the House of Commons are distributed roughly in proportion to the population of each province and territory. However, some ridings are more populous than others and the Canadian constitution contains some special provisions regarding provincial representation; thus, there is some interprovincial and regional malapportionment relative to population.
The House of Commons was established in 1867, when the British North America Act—now called the Constitution Act, 1867—created the Dominion of Canada, and was modelled on the British House of Commons. The lower of the two houses making up the parliament, the House of Commons in practice holds far more power than the upper house, the Senate. Although the approval of both Houses is necessary for legislation, the Senate very rarely rejects bills passed by the Commons (though the Senate does occasionally amend bills). Moreover, the Government of Canada is responsible solely to the House of Commons. The Prime Minister stays in office only as long as he or she retains the support, or "confidence", of the lower house.
==Name==
The term derives from the Anglo-Norman word ''communes,'' referring to the geographic and collective "communities" of their parliamentary representatives and not the third estate, the commonality.〔A. F. Pollard, ''The Evolution of Parliament'' (Longmans, 1920), 107–08.〕 This distinction is made clear in the official French name of the body, ''Chambre des communes''. Canada and the United Kingdom remain the only countries to use the name "House of Commons" for a lower house of parliament.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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